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Evolving Perspectives: Hindu Culture and the LGBTQ Community

In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift in attitudes among Hindus towards the LGBTQ community. As society continues to progress, cultural and religious perspectives are also evolving, and the Hindu community is no exception. While traditional values are deeply ingrained, there is a growing acceptance and understanding of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities.

Hinduism, one of the world's oldest religions, has a rich tapestry of traditions, scriptures, and cultural norms. Historically, societal norms in Hindu-majority regions have been conservative, influenced by various texts and interpretations. However, Hinduism itself is diverse, with a multitude of sects and interpretations, leading to varying attitudes within the religion.

In recent times, there has been a noticeable shift in attitudes towards the LGBTQ community within Hindu communities worldwide. A younger generation of Hindus is challenging traditional views, advocating for inclusivity, and fostering a more compassionate understanding of LGBTQ individuals.

This transformation can be attributed to several factors. Globalization, increased access to information, and exposure to different cultures and ideas have played a role in broadening perspectives. Additionally, the LGBTQ rights movement has gained momentum globally, leading to increased awareness and acceptance.

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While some traditional interpretations of Hindu scriptures may be perceived as conservative, there are also elements that emphasize inclusivity and acceptance. Concepts like "Ardhanarishvara" — a representation of Lord Shiva as half-male and half-female — and the recognition of the third gender, "Hijra," in certain Hindu texts, highlight a historical acceptance of gender diversity.

Prominent Hindu leaders, scholars, and activists have emerged as advocates for LGBTQ rights. They argue that Hinduism's core principles of love, compassion, and acceptance align with the values of inclusivity and understanding. Such voices emphasize the need to move beyond rigid interpretations and embrace the diversity inherent in both the human experience and Hinduism itself.

Despite the positive changes, challenges remain. Some conservative elements within Hindu communities still resist the acceptance of LGBTQ individuals. It is crucial to engage in open dialogue, fostering understanding and dispelling misconceptions. Education and awareness campaigns can play a pivotal role in breaking down stereotypes and promoting empathy.

The attitudes of Hindus towards the LGBTQ community are evolving, reflecting broader societal shifts towards inclusivity and acceptance. While there are challenges to overcome, the growing number of progressive voices within the Hindu community signals a positive trajectory. As individuals and communities continue to engage in dialogue and reflection, there is hope for a future where diversity is celebrated within the rich tapestry of Hindu culture.

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When, as a teenager Ankita Mehra realized she was attracted to other women, she says she felt trapped. Given India’s deeply conservative society, Mehra feared she would be disowned if her family found out.

The first counselor she visited told her that for 15,000 Indian rupees (about $200) he would “fix” her. But after a second counselor advised her to come out, Mehra says she wrote a six-page letter to her father, which included pleas that he not throw her out of the house. She says her father cried as he read the letter, and afterward hugged her with acceptance.

Now 23, Mehra says she wants corporate India and mainstream society to more fully accept the country’s LGBTQ community. In November 2019, she helped organize New Delhi’s first career fair meant for the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or LGBTQ community. “We are talented enough to get a job but we are looking for a safe and inclusive place,” she says. Mehra is part of a growing number of activists advocating for India’s lesbian and gay community, which has grown bolder in the past year. In September 2018, India’s Supreme Court repealed a colonial-era law that made same-sex intercourse a crime, punishable with up to 10 years in jail. India’s move energized movements in other former British colonies, such as Singapore and Myanmar, to throw out similar laws.

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In India, young adults such as Mehra are demanding their civil rights. They want employment where they won’t be judged for how they talk or dress, they want medical and other benefits for their partners, and eventually the right to be able to marry and adopt children. Pleas for some of these demands have been filed in local courts.

Veteran activists say that while the Supreme Court ruling spurred many young people to embrace their sexuality, their acceptance within the broader society remains minimal. They continue to face violence and harassment from their families, in schools, on the streets and at the workplace. Many are subjected to “conversion” therapy, forced marriages and “corrective rape.”

“In the first six months after the Supreme Court ruling, we handled about 64 crisis situations,” says Vivek Anand, 58-year-old chief executive officer of The Humsafar Trust, a non-profit that has been advocating for gay rights for 25 years. Anand cited an incident when a gay man from Nagpur, a small town in central India, was accosted by a group of men one evening on the street, and asked to perform sexual acts for them. When he refused, they beat him up brutally to the point where he had to be hospitalized. “The crisis keeps going on,” Anand says. And the situation is more difficult in smaller towns, where people cling to stereotypes and traditional ways. While recognizing that there’s a long way to go in changing mindsets, younger advocates point to what’s working well. They say the community has become more visible since the Supreme Court judgment. More role models are coming out.

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Dutee Chand, a 23-year-old athlete who is her country’s fastest sprinter, earlier this year became the country’s first athlete to openly come out as lesbian. “I was tired of living in fear,” Chand told Vogue India magazine, which put her on its cover. Chand’s family and village have disowned her.

India’s film industry, Bollywood, which has historically shown queer people for comic relief, released the first mainstream movie in 2019 in which the lead actress was lesbian. Another mainstream movie is in production about a gay romance. “The social markers are definitely pointing in the right direction,” said Ramkrishna Sinha, co-founder of Pride Circle, a “diversity” consulting firm.

Sinha recently quit his job as an engineer at Intel, where he worked for 10 years, to devote himself to bridging the gap between LGBTQ talent and corporate India. In July 2019, Pride Circle organized a career fair in the south Indian city of Bengaluru. Around 300 candidates showed up, including from cities like Hyderabad and Chennai, Sinha says. Thirty-five companies, including Goldman Sachs and Indian conglomerate Godrej Group, came for the event. So far, more than 40 job offers have been extended, Sinha says. “Now LGBTQ people expect an equal opportunity workplace.”

A similar career fair was also held earlier in India’s financial capital, Mumbai. On a recent Sunday, more than 250 people gathered at The Lalit, a five-star hotel in the heart of Delhi, for the city’s first career fair dedicated to them. Candidates also came from small towns like Lucknow and Bhopal, says Ankita Mehra, the organizer. For some of them, Mehra and colleagues at her organization Q-rious helped provide free accommodation, she says.

Like other such fairs, job candidates didn’t have to pay a fee. There wore badges which allowed attendees to state the best pronoun to address them — “He” or “She”. Journalists were asked not to take photos at the event, to maintain the anonymity of attendees. Executives of companies which had set up stalls at the fair were given a “sensitization” training on how to be around LGBTQ people. The conference included panel discussions on topics like ‘Inclusion in the mainstream employment’ and ‘Corporate engagement with LGBTQ Youth’. But these panels invariably turned into conversations about the struggles for the community and motivational messages. Mehra shared the story of her coming out in a video that left attendees in tears. “They gave me strength to come out to my family,” says Shabnam, a 23-year-old business school student.

[Source: Shefali Anand, US News & World Report, Dec 2019]

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India’s Supreme Court has given the country’s gay, lesbian, bisexual, trans and queer community the freedom to safely express their sexual orientation. In a historic decision on August 24, 2017, the nine-judge panel declared that an individual’s sexual orientation is protected under the country’s Right to Privacy law.

“Sexual orientation is an essential attribute of privacy,” the decision reads. “Discrimination against an individual on the basis of sexual orientation is deeply offensive to the dignity and self-worth of the individual. Equality demands that the sexual orientation of each individual in society must be protected on an even platform.”

Although the Supreme Court did not directly overturn any laws criminalizing same-sex relationships, the language of the court decision offers hope to the LGBTQ community. The judges expressly state sexual orientation falls under an individual’s right to privacy, a constitutional right, and that no individual should be discriminated against based on their orientation.

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Going forward, this can establish a precedent as organizations challenge discriminatory laws in court, and offer protection against discrimination in places such as the workforce.

This could even deliver a death blow to an oppressive and controversial law in the Indian Penal Code. Section 377 is a law that limits a citizen’s right to express their gender identity or sexual orientation in consensual relationships. In 2013, another panel of the Supreme Court upheld Section 377.

India’s traditional culture can make it difficult for people who are LGBTQ to be open about their orientation, but some are still challenging the country’s norms. Prince Manvendra Singh Gohil came out in 2006, making him the country’s first openly gay prince. Since then, he has been fighting for the Indian LGBTQ community.

Prince Manvendra started a grassroots campaign in 2014 called “Free Gay India” to campaign for LGBTQ rights. He has put a spotlight on the oppression as a guest on “The Oprah Winfrey Show” and was recently on an episode of “Keeping Up With The Kardashians.”

“I knew that my coming out would definitely make a difference,” the prince told the Kardashian family. “When people found out about me, they set up a bonfire and burned my effigies in it.”

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Parvez Sharma - Film Maker, Author

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Ismail Merchant - Film Producer, Director (Merchant Ivory Productions)

Rohit Bal - Fashion Designer

Riyad Vinci Wasia - Film Maker

Rose Venkatesan - Talk Show Host

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Madhu Bai Kinnar - Politician

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If Kinsey was right, there are anywhere between 50 and 100 million people in India who are LGBTQ. But the number of people who came out to all the Pride marches in India last year? About 5,000. And that includes not only queer people but their allies and supporters.

Beliefs in the Western origins of homosexuality are also widespread and intransigent. Ironically, however, it is tolerance of homosexuality that is beginning to be imported into India. And what is the biggest engine of change? Cinema.

Bollywood is the entertainment of choice for over 1 billion people. That means that, in global terms, it influences the lives and attitudes of a tremendous number of people. And Bollywood stars, too, have a god-like stature, at least in India.

So the question is not if but how and when Bollywood will play a role changing attitudes toward LGBTQ rights in India. The time is ripe for social change. And LGBTQ rights are an issue close to the hearts of many in the Bollywood film industry. The question is one of courage and, of course, the timing of that courage. But change is coming in India.

In fact, it’s already started. At the risk of drawing too many parallels with the history of the gay rights movement in the West, India has already had its first “Stonewall moment.” In 2009 the law criminalizing sodomy was repealed. It was painful, and it made headlines, but it was a transformative change.

Change happens in fits and starts, and sometimes attitudes evolve slowly. And our conversations are part of all our futures. In India today, almost any conversation about homosexuality is a good one. Fortunately, that conversation has started.

[Source: Nish Gera / Writer, Filmmaker / Huffington Post]

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LGBTQ and Contemporary Hindu Society

Sexuality is rarely discussed openly in contemporary Hindu society, especially in modern India where homosexuality was illegal until a brief period beginning in 2009, due to colonial British laws. On July 2, 2009 The Delhi High Court in a historic judgement decriminalized homosexuality in India; where the court noted that the existing laws violated fundamental rights to personal liberty (Article 21 of the Indian Constitution) and equality (Article 14) and prohibition of discrimination (Article 15). Even before this judgment, in India homosexuals were very rarely prosecuted despite the existence of such laws in the penal code. However, the Supreme Court of India re-affirmed the penal code provision and overturned the Delhi High Court decision, effectively re-instating the legal ban on homosexuality.

Even though Hinduism is never known to exclusively ban homosexuality, certain Hindu nationalist factions are opposed to legalizing homosexuality while certain others choose to remain silent. However, in the last twenty years homosexuality has become increasingly visible in the print and audio-visual media, with many out LGBTQ people, an active LGBTQ movement, and a large Indian LGBTQ presence on the Internet. From the 1990s onward, modern gay and lesbian Hindu organizations have surfaced in India's major cities and in 2004, plausible calls were made for the first time to repeal India's outdated and nontraditional laws against homosexuality.

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Homosexuality in India

Homosexuality is mostly a taboo subject in Indian civil society and for the government. There are no official demographics for the LGBTQ population in India, but the government of India submitted figures to the Supreme Court in 2012, according to which, there were about 2.5 million gay people recorded in India. These figures are only based on those individuals who have self declared to the Ministry of Health. There may be much higher statistics for individuals who have concealed their identity, since a number of homosexual Indians are living in the closet due to fear of discrimination.

Homophobia is prevalent in India. Public discussion of homosexuality in India has been inhibited by the fact that sexuality in any form is rarely discussed openly. In recent years, however, attitudes towards homosexuality have shifted slightly. In particular, there have been more depictions and discussions of homosexuality in the Indian news media and in Bollywood films. Several organizations, including the Naz Foundation Trust, the National AIDS Control Organization, Law Commission of India, Union Health Ministry, National Human Rights Commission of India, and the Planning Commission of India have expressed support for decriminalizing homosexuality in India, and pushed for tolerance and social equality for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people. India is among countries with a social element of a third gender. But mental, physical, emotional and economic violence against LGBTQ community in India prevails. Lacking support from family, society or police, many gay rape victims don't report the crimes.

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